What is the primary action performed during crunches?

The primary action performed during crunches involves elevating the shoulders off the ground while contracting the abdominal muscles. This movement targets the rectus abdominis, which is the main muscle involved in flexing the spine forward. As the shoulders lift, the abs engage and contract to pull the upper torso closer to the pelvis, providing an effective workout for strengthening and toning the abdominal area.

This focus on simply lifting the shoulders rather than engaging in full-body movements is what differentiates crunches from other core exercises. The technique is designed to minimize straining the neck and lower back, making it a safer option for strengthening the core. The emphasis is on the controlled lifting action, which helps develop concentration on the abdominal muscles, fostering better engagement and endurance over time.