What does Amendment VIII prohibit?

The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments. This reflects the founding principles aimed at ensuring a fair judicial process and protecting individuals from inhumane treatment.

The clause on excessive bail prevents the government from imposing unduly high bail amounts, which could unjustly restrict a person's freedom before trial. The prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments ensures that the punishment meted out for crimes is not only proportional to the offense but also humane. This amendment demonstrates a commitment to justice and the rights of individuals against the potential for government overreach in punitive measures.

In summary, the correct answer addresses key protections afforded to individuals within the legal system, emphasizing the values of fairness and humanity in criminal justice.